EU\u2019s International Treaties, the New Investment Court System (ICS) and Human Rights

With Opinion 1/17, the ECJ has declared the compatibility with EU primary law of the mechanism for the international settlement of disputes between investors and States (ISDS), established under the CETA, a free trade agreement between Canada, on the one hand, and the EU and its Member States, on the other. The present article focuses on the challenges raised by the Belgian government on the basis of human rights, in addition to that based on the autonomy of the EU legal order. In relation to the principle of equal treatment before the law, it argues that the Court erred in holding that Canadian enterprises and natural persons that invest within the Union are in a situation that is not comparable to that of Member States\u2019 investors in the same commercial or industrial sector of the EU internal market. It further submits that as a result of the historical evolution of ISDS and the remedies currently available under EU law and the national law of the member states to European and foreign investors alike, the finding that the latter are to have a specific legal remedy against EU and domestic measures might be no longer justified. It finally considers that in the assessment of whether the ICS will be an accessible and independent tribunal, the Court exceeded the level of speculation allowed under Art. 218(11) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the EU (TFEU) and understated the guarantees generally required from national judiciaries

Michael Ballantine and Lisa Ballantine v. The Dominican Republic (PCA Case No. 2016-17) \u2013 Award \u2013 3 September 2019 \u2013 Case Report

Claimants brought an action for relief against the Dominican Republic pursuant to the Dominican Republic-Central America-United States Free Trade Agreement (DRCAFTA) and the UNCITRAL Rules, alleging that certain environmental regulations established by the Dominican Republic violated their rights under the DR-CAFTA in relation to their investment in a luxury residential housing project located in the Dominican Republic. After hearing the jurisdictional objection together with the merits of the claim, the Tribunal determined by majority that it lacked jurisdiction because the Claimants\u2019 Dominican nationality was effective and took precedence over their American nationality

Sovranità tecnologica quale elemento fondamentale per lo sviluppo dell'autonomia strategica nazionale

Il volume ha lo scopo di fornire un quadro metodologico per l’implementazione di provvedimenti atti a sviluppare la Sovranità Tecnologica dello Stato italiano in funzione del perseguimento del massimo livello possibile di Autonomia Strategica. A tal fine, il Capitolo I definisce, innanzitutto, e qualifica i concetti di Sovranità Tecnologica (a partire dal Position Paper del Centro Economia Digitale di marzo 2021) e di Autonomia Strategica (paragrafo 2), anche alla luce degli sviluppi e accelerazioni impressi dalla pandemia da COVID-19 e, più recentemente, dal conflitto russo-ucraino (ancora in corso – da sei mesi – alla data in cui si scrive) (paragrafo 5). Si sofferma, quindi, sulla trasformazione digitale e offre una panoramica dei settori maggiormente coinvolti: i settori produttivi, con un particolare impatto sul comparto Aerospazio, Difesa e Sicurezza (AD&S), ma anche la Pubblica Amministrazione (PA), i servizi pubblici e tutte le funzioni essenziali dello Stato, oltre alla Difesa (paragrafo 3). Passa, infine, in rassegna i diversi attori coinvolti nella Transizione Tecnologica. Soggetti portatori di interesse sono gli attori istituzionali (Ministeri, la Presidenza del Consiglio dei Ministri, le Regioni, e altri) ma anche i privati (produttori e fornitori di beni e servizi), il mondo accademico e della ricerca, e la società civile, intesa sia come beneficiaria dei relativi servizi sia come cittadinanza attiva (paragrafo 4)

Il conflitto russo-ucraino: analisi, cambiamenti, prospettive

L'articolo ricostruisce il quadro giuridico del conflitto russo-ucraino a 150 giorni dal suo inizio, cercando di capire che cosa è successo, attraverso una analisi alla luce del diritto internazionale e della nostra Costituzione, della natura del conflitto e delle sue implicazioni. Che cosa è cambiato? E quali prospettive

Estimativa de diversidade genética de Cedro (Meliaceae), uma espécie ameaçada.

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Isolation and characterization of microsatellite markers for Araucaria angustifolia (Araucariaceae).

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Isolamento e caracterização de marcadores microssatélites para Araucaria angustifólia (Araucariaceae).

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Energy performances assessment of extruded and 3d printed polymers integrated into building envelopes for a south Italian case study

Plastic materials are increasingly becoming used in the building envelope, despite a lack of investigation on their effects. In this work, an extruded Acrylonitrile-Butadiene-Styrene panel has been tested as a second-skin layer in a ventilated facade system using a full-scale facility. The experimental results show that it is possible to achieve performances very similar to conventional materials. A numerical model has then been developed and used to investigate the performances of plastic and composite polymer panels as second-skin layers. The experimental data has been used to verify the behavior of the numerical model, from a thermal point of view, showing good reliability, with a root mean square error lower than 0.40◦C. This model has then been applied in different refurbishment cases upon varying: The polymer and the manufacturing technology (extruded or 3D-printed panels). Eight refurbishment case studies have been carried out on a typical office building located in Napoli (Italy), by means of a dynamic simulation software. The simulation results show that the proposed actions allow the reduction of the thermal and cooling energy demand (up to 6.9% and 3.1%, respectively), as well as the non-renewable primary energy consumption (up to 2.6%), in comparison to the reference case study